| 1997 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | Semesters in higher education | Subject-related semesters | ||
| Examination group | Sex | Semesters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Male | 12.6 | 11.1 | 12.9 | 11.1 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 11.0 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 10.4 | 12.0 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 9.6 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 9.0 | 10.8 | 8.7 | 10.7 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 7.8 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 10.7 | 7.6 | 10.9 | 7.5 | 11.1 | 7.5 | 11.2 | 7.6 | 11.3 | 7.6 | 11.4 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 7.7 |
Female | 12.3 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 12.6 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 10.2 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 11.3 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 10.2 | 7.4 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 10.4 | 7.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 10.6 | 7.4 | 10.7 | 7.5 | 10.7 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 7.5 | |
Total | 12.5 | 10.9 | 12.7 | 10.9 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 10.8 | 12.6 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 11.6 | 9.8 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 7.9 | 10.4 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 7.5 | 10.6 | 7.5 | 10.8 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 7.6 | 11.2 | 7.6 | |
Male | 13.7 | 12.4 | 14.0 | 12.6 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 12.2 | 13.4 | 12.1 | 13.4 | 12.1 | 13.4 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 14.4 | 13.2 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 15.8 | 14.5 | 15.5 | 14.2 | 15.0 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 14.1 | 12.6 | |
Female | 13.8 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 12.1 | 13.8 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 13.5 | 12.0 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 13.4 | 12.0 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 13.0 | 14.8 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 14.0 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 13.7 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 13.7 | 12.6 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 12.6 | |
Total | 13.7 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 13.8 | 12.2 | 13.7 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 13.4 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 12.0 | 13.5 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 12.5 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 15.3 | 13.9 | 14.9 | 13.6 | 14.5 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 13.0 | 13.9 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 12.6 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 12.6 | |
Teacher's degree
3) | Male | 14.2 | 10.8 | 14.5 | 11.0 | 14.5 | 11.1 | 14.4 | 11.2 | 14.8 | 11.5 | 14.7 | 11.6 | 14.6 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 10.9 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 10.3 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 9.9 | 13.0 | 9.7 | 13.0 | 9.3 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 12.8 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 13.1 | 8.7 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 13.6 | 8.9 | 13.5 | 8.4 | 13.6 | 8.3 | 13.4 | 8.1 | 13.6 | 8.1 |
Female | 12.3 | 9.7 | 12.2 | 9.7 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 12.4 | 10.0 | 12.7 | 10.2 | 12.4 | 10.0 | 12.2 | 9.9 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 11.6 | 9.5 | 11.6 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 11.3 | 8.9 | 11.3 | 8.6 | 11.3 | 8.5 | 11.3 | 8.1 | 11.3 | 7.9 | 11.2 | 7.8 | 11.3 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 7.9 | 11.8 | 7.8 | 11.7 | 7.8 | 11.6 | 7.6 | 11.6 | 7.5 | 11.5 | 7.3 | 11.6 | 7.3 | |
Total | 12.9 | 10.0 | 12.8 | 10.1 | 12.9 | 10.2 | 12.9 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 10.5 | 13.0 | 10.4 | 12.8 | 10.3 | 12.3 | 10.0 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 11.9 | 9.5 | 11.7 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 8.8 | 11.7 | 8.4 | 11.7 | 8.2 | 11.6 | 8.0 | 11.7 | 7.9 | 12.0 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 8.1 | 12.1 | 7.8 | 12.1 | 7.7 | 12.0 | 7.5 | 12.1 | 7.5 | |
Degree at university of applied sciences
2) | Male | 10.1 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 9.4 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 6.8 |
Female | 9.3 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.3 | |
Total | 9.8 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 6.6 | |
Bachelor's degree
1) | Male | - | - | - | - | 10.7 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 7.1 | 8.8 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 8.6 |
Female | - | - | - | - | 13.2 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 8.0 | |
Total | - | - | - | - | 11.8 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 8.3 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 9.2 | 8.1 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 8.3 | |
Master's degree
1) | Male | - | - | - | - | 9.7 | 3.6 | 8.8 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 9.0 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 4.7 | 10.0 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 4.7 | 10.8 | 4.9 | 10.8 | 4.8 | 10.9 | 4.8 | 11.2 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 4.7 | 11.5 | 4.8 | 11.6 | 4.9 | 11.9 | 5.0 | 12.1 | 5.2 | 12.2 | 5.3 | 12.4 | 5.4 | 12.6 | 5.5 | 12.7 | 5.6 | 12.9 | 5.7 | 12.9 | 5.8 | 12.9 | 5.8 |
Female | - | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | 9.0 | 3.6 | 8.9 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 8.4 | 4.4 | 9.3 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 4.7 | 10.7 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 4.7 | 10.8 | 4.7 | 11.0 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 4.8 | 11.4 | 4.9 | 11.5 | 5.0 | 11.8 | 5.2 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 12.1 | 5.4 | 12.2 | 5.4 | 12.3 | 5.5 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 12.6 | 5.7 | 12.6 | 5.7 | |
Total | - | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | 9.5 | 3.6 | 8.8 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 4.6 | 10.1 | 4.5 | 10.3 | 4.7 | 10.7 | 4.8 | 10.8 | 4.7 | 10.9 | 4.7 | 11.0 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 4.7 | 11.3 | 4.8 | 11.5 | 4.9 | 11.7 | 5.0 | 11.9 | 5.2 | 12.1 | 5.3 | 12.3 | 5.4 | 12.4 | 5.5 | 12.5 | 5.5 | 12.7 | 5.6 | 12.7 | 5.7 | 12.8 | 5.8 | |
Source: Federal Statistical Office, special evaluation
Notes:
1) Excluding teacher's degree.
2) Excluding bachelor's degree and master's degree.
3) Including teacher's bachelor degree and teacher's master degree.
- = no figures or magnitude zero.
Last update: December 4, 2023
This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution 2.0.
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)