Table 2.1.23 - BMBF's Data Portal

Table 2.1.23

Expenditure on early childhood educational institutions
¹⁾
		Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP			Share of total expenditure from public sources			Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services
		Early childhood educational development	Pre-primary	Total ISCED 0	Early childhood educational development	Pre-primary	Total ISCED 0	Early childhood educational development	Pre-primary	Total ISCED 0
Country	Year	Share (%)			Share (%)			US dollar
Australia²⁾	2012	0.3	0.2	0.4	4	47	21	10,054	10,298	10,146
	2013	0.3	0.2	0.5	4	42	20	11,852	13,171	12,364
	2014	0.3	0.2	0.5	63	72	67	12,498	12,613	12,542
	2015	0.3	0.3	0.6	62	68	65	7,123	7,097	7,112
	2016	0.2	0.3	0.6	60	66	64	7,648	7,536	7,582
	2017	0.2	0.3	0.6	59	66	63	7,685	7,994	7,863
	2018	0.3	0.3	0.6	61	69	65	8,088	7,399	7,700
	2019	0.3	0.4	0.7	60	67	65	8,757	9,599	9,243
	2020	0.2	0.4	0.6	70	76	74	8,059	9,726	8,983
Belgium³⁾	2012	m	0.7	m	m	96	m	m	6,975	m
	2013	m	0.7	m	m	96	m	m	7,576	m
	2014	m	0.7	m	m	97	m	m	7,807	m
	2015	0.1	0.7	0.8	m	97	m	m	7,929	m
	2016	m	0.7	m	m	96	m	m	8,427	m
	2017	m	0.7	m	m	96	m	m	8,912	m
	2018	m	0.7	m	m	97	m	m	9,401	m
	2019	m	0.7	m	m	97	m	m	9,728	m
	2020	m	0.7	m	m	98	m	m	10,589	m
Chile⁴⁾	2012	y	y	0.9	y	y	82	y	y	4,599
	2013	0.3	1.0	1.3	86	85	85	7,032	6,408	6,530
	2014	0.4	0.8	1.1	86	83	84	9,524	5,309	6,153
	2015	0.4	0.8	1.1	86	83	84	9,148	5,100	5,910
	2016	0.3	0.9	1.2	87	81	83	8,018	6,599	6,908
	2017	0.3	0.9	1.2	83	82	82	7,730	6,449	6,727
	2018	0.3	1.0	1.3	83	73	76	8,450	7,516	7,722
	2019	0.3	0.9	1.2	84	81	82	8,782	7,812	8,026
	2020	0.2	1.0	1.2	81	84	83	7,530	7,548	7,544
Costa Rica⁴⁾⁵⁾⁶⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	66	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	y	y	4,011
	2015	0.1	0.4	0.5	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	0.1	0.4	0.5	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Denmark²⁾⁵⁾	2012	y	y	1.4	y	y	81	y	y	10,911
	2013	y	y	1.3	y	y	81	y	y	16,341
	2014	y	y	1.3	y	y	81	y	y	16,298
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	0.6	1.0	1.6	81	81	81	18,850	18,304	18,502
	2018	0.7	0.6	1.3	76	76	76	23,140	11,247	15,679
	2019	0.7	0.6	1.3	76	76	76	22,508	11,431	15,569
	2020	0.7	0.6	1.3	76	76	76	23,918	12,234	16,508
Germany	2012	0.3	0.5	0.8	70	79	76	13,720	8,568	9,744
	2013	0.3	0.6	0.8	71	79	76	14,886	9,167	10,542
	2014	0.3	0.6	0.9	77	79	78	15,573	9,569	11,094
	2015	0.3	0.6	0.9	79	81	80	14,769	9,827	11,122
	2016	0.3	0.6	0.9	81	81	81	16,169	10,101	11,724
	2017	0.3	0.6	0.9	84	84	84	17,490	11,075	12,817
	2018	0.4	0.6	1.0	85	85	85	18,656	11,569	13,509
	2019	0.4	0.6	1.0	87	87	87	19,207	12,000	13,975
	2020	0.4	0.7	1.1	93	92	93	20,774	12,946	15,049
Estonia	2012	y	y	0.4	y	y	99	y	y	2,193
	2013	y	y	0.4	y	y	94	y	y	1,987
	2014	y	y	1.1	y	y	91	y	y	6,162
	2015	y	y	1.2	y	86	86	y	y	6,514
	2016	y	y	1.2	y	y	87	y	y	7,146
	2017	y	y	1.2	y	y	84	y	y	8,137
	2018	y	y	1.2	y	y	86	y	y	8,929
	2019	y	y	1.3	y	y	87	y	y	9,889
	2020	y	y	1.3	y	y	89	y	y	10,699
Finland⁷⁾	2012	0.4	0.8	1.2	90	89	89	17,860	9,998	11,559
	2013	0.4	0.9	1.2	91	89	89	18,668	10,477	12,092
	2014	0.4	0.9	1.2	91	89	89	19,083	10,546	12,205
	2015	0.4	0.9	1.2	91	89	89	19,423	10,654	12,332
	2016	0.4	0.9	1.2	91	89	90	20,815	10,961	12,819
	2017	0.4	0.8	1.2	92	89	90	21,436	11,283	13,186
	2018	0.4	0.8	1.2	93	91	92	23,353	12,051	14,154
	2019	0.4	0.8	1.2	94	92	92	25,119	12,718	15,022
	2020	0.4	0.8	1.2	95	93	94	26,933	13,511	16,016
France	2012	a	0.7	0.7	a	93	93	a	6,969	6,969
	2013	a	0.7	0.7	a	93	93	a	7,507	7,507
	2014	a	0.8	0.8	a	93	93	a	7,758	7,758
	2015	a	0.7	0.7	a	93	93	a	7,813	7,813
	2016	a	0.7	0.7	a	93	93	a	8,165	8,165
	2017	a	0.8	0.8	a	93	93	a	8,894	8,894
	2018	a	0.7	0.7	a	93	93	a	9,164	9,164
	2019	a	0.7	0.7	a	93	93	a	9,555	9,555
	2020	a	0.7	0.7	a	94	94	a	9,986	9,986
Greece³⁾⁴⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	0.3	m	m	91	m	m	5,249	m
	2016	m	0.3	m	m	90	m	m	5,697	m
	2017	m	0.3	m	m	91	m	m	5,657	m
	2018	m	0.3	m	m	87	m	m	6,144	m
	2019	m	0.3	m	m	87	m	m	6,250	m
	2020	m	0.3	m	m	m	m	m	6,411	m
Ireland⁵⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	a	0.1	0.1	a	100	100	a	6,532	6,532
	2014	a	0.1	0.1	a	100	100	a	6,579	6,579
	2015	a	0.1	0.1	a	100	100	a	6,106	6,106
	2016	y	y	0.1	y	y	97	y	y	3,705
	2017	y	y	0.2	y	y	84	y	y	4,568
	2018	y	y	0.2	y	y	86	y	y	4,439
	2019	y	y	0.2	y	y	87	y	y	4,964
	2020	y	y	0.1	y	y	84	y	y	4,790
Iceland	2012	0.6	1.1	1.7	88	85	86	12,969	10,250	11,096
	2013	0.6	1.1	1.7	89	84	86	14,167	10,956	11,948
	2014	0.7	1.1	1.8	89	85	87	16,683	11,517	13,074
	2015	0.7	1.1	1.7	89	85	87	17,349	12,339	13,886
	2016	0.7	1.0	1.7	89	85	87	18,934	13,230	15,012
	2017	0.7	1.1	1.7	90	86	87	21,524	15,368	17,310
	2018	0.7	1.1	1.8	91	87	88	24,427	17,073	19,420
	2019	0.7	1.0	1.8	91	87	89	25,575	17,150	19,899
	2020	0.9	1.2	2.0	92	88	90	27,804	18,775	21,839
Israel²⁾	2012	m	0.7	m	m	85	m	m	3,416	m
	2013	0.2	0.8	1.1	25	90	75	4,219	4,302	4,282
	2014	0.3	0.8	1.1	15	90	70	4,475	4,432	4,443
	2015	0.3	0.9	1.1	15	91	73	2,713	5,021	4,185
	2016	0.3	0.9	1.2	16	91	73	2,971	5,466	4,568
	2017	0.3	1.0	1.3	16	91	73	3,282	6,052	5,049
	2018	0.3	1.0	1.3	18	91	74	3,327	6,317	5,226
	2019	0.3	0.9	1.3	29	91	75	3,710	6,083	5,224
	2020	0.3	0.9	1.2	29	93	78	3,208	5,930	4,960
Italy⁵⁾	2012	a	0.4	0.4	a	91	91	a	7,892	7,892
	2013	a	0.5	0.5	a	92	92	a	6,233	6,233
	2014	a	0.5	0.5	a	84	84	a	6,468	6,468
	2015	a	0.5	0.5	a	86	86	a	6,249	6,249
	2016	a	0.5	0.5	a	88	88	a	7,395	7,395
	2017	a	0.5	0.5	a	88	88	a	8,780	8,780
	2018	a	0.6	0.6	a	81	81	a	10,110	10,110
	2019	a	0.6	0.6	a	85	85	a	10,458	10,458
	2020	a	0.5	0.5	a	87	87	a	10,032	10,032
Japan⁸⁾	2012	a	0.2	0.2	a	44	44	a	5,872	5,872
	2013	a	0.2	0.2	a	44	44	a	6,247	6,247
	2014	a	0.2	0.2	a	46	46	a	6,572	6,572
	2015	a	0.2	0.2	a	48	48	a	7,499	7,499
	2016	a	0.2	0.2	a	49	49	a	7,473	7,473
	2017	a	0.2	0.2	a	51	51	a	7,609	7,609
	2018	a	0.2	0.2	a	52	52	a	7,841	7,841
	2019	a	0.2	0.2	a	66	66	a	8,118	8,118
	2020	a	0.2	0.2	a	77	77	a	8,557	8,557
Canada⁴⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Colombia⁴⁾	2012	y	y	0.5	y	y	57	y	y	1,236
	2013	0.1	0.4	0.5	10	72	m	m	m	1,748
	2014	0.1	0.4	0.5	12	71	54	m	1,011	m
	2015	0.1	0.4	0.5	12	71	54	m	1,250	m
	2016	0.1	0.3	0.5	12	71	54	m	1,579	m
	2017	0.1	0.3	0.5	11	72	55	m	1,556	m
	2018	0.1	0.3	0.4	13	73	55	m	1,325	m
	2019	0.1	0.3	0.5	15	75	58	m	1,450	m
	2020	0.1	0.4	0.6	15	77	60	m	1,657	m
Latvia³⁾	2012	a	0.8	0.8	a	98	98	a	3,067	3,067
	2013	a	0.8	0.8	a	98	98	a	4,854	4,854
	2014	a	0.9	0.9	a	98	98	a	5,352	5,352
	2015	m	0.8	m	a	97	97	m	5,313	m
	2016	a	0.8	0.8	a	97	97	a	5,574	5,574
	2017	a	0.9	0.9	a	96	96	a	6,222	6,222
	2018	a	0.8	0.8	a	95	95	a	6,035	6,035
	2019	m	0.9	m	m	92	m	m	6,637	m
	2020	0.2	1.0	1.2	94	94	94	7,348	7,348	7,348
Lithuania	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	y	y	0.7	y	y	85	y	y	5,093
	2014	0.2	0.6	0.8	80	83	83	6,300	4,973	5,191
	2015	0.1	0.7	0.8	80	84	83	5,589	5,457	5,479
	2016	0.2	0.7	0.9	81	85	84	6,189	6,178	6,180
	2017	0.2	0.7	0.9	83	87	86	6,972	6,610	6,677
	2018	0.2	0.8	1.0	82	86	85	8,184	7,810	7,884
	2019	0.2	0.8	1.0	82	86	85	8,743	8,339	8,418
	2020	0.2	0.9	1.2	85	89	88	10,159	9,894	9,944
Luxembourg	2012	m	0.7	m	m	99	m	m	19,719	m
	2013	a	0.6	0.6	a	98	98	a	19,233	19,233
	2014	a	0.6	0.6	a	99	99	a	21,210	21,210
	2015	a	0.6	0.6	a	96	96	a	20,495	20,495
	2016	a	0.5	0.5	a	95	95	a	17,533	17,533
	2017	a	0.5	0.5	a	96	96	a	19,326	19,326
	2018	a	0.5	0.5	a	96	96	a	20,916	20,916
	2019	a	0.5	0.5	a	96	96	a	21,938	21,938
	2020	a	0.5	0.5	a	97	97	a	22,702	22,702
Mexico	2012	y	y	0.6	y	y	83	y	y	2,445
	2013	y	y	0.6	y	y	83	y	y	2,575
	2014	y	y	0.6	y	y	83	y	y	2,668
	2015	y	y	0.6	y	84	84	y	y	2,685
	2016	y	y	0.5	y	y	84	y	y	2,296
	2017	y	y	0.5	y	y	90	y	y	2,570
	2018	y	y	0.5	y	y	83	y	y	2,686
	2019	y	y	0.6	y	y	83	m	m	2,856
	2020	y	y	0.5	y	y	88	m	m	2,558
New Zealand⁴⁾	2012	0.4	0.6	1.0	72	87	80	12,656	9,670	10,726
	2013	0.4	0.5	0.9	72	86	80	13,579	10,252	11,465
	2014	0.4	0.6	0.9	73	87	81	14,050	12,178	12,882
	2015	0.4	0.5	1.0	70	85	79	15,506	12,209	13,466
	2016	0.4	0.6	1.0	71	86	79	9,762	8,141	8,783
	2017	0.4	0.5	0.9	72	86	80	10,133	9,217	9,599
	2018	0.4	0.5	0.8	69	84	77	10,349	8,389	9,177
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Netherlands	2012	a	0.4	0.4	a	87	87	a	8,176	8,176
	2013	a	0.4	0.4	a	88	88	a	8,305	8,305
	2014	a	0.4	0.4	a	89	89	a	8,482	8,482
	2015	a	0.4	0.4	a	89	89	a	8,352	8,352
	2016	a	0.4	0.4	a	87	87	a	6,538	6,538
	2017	a	0.4	0.4	a	89	89	a	6,959	6,959
	2018	a	0.4	0.4	a	87	87	a	8,081	8,081
	2019	a	0.4	0.4	a	85	85	a	7,985	7,985
	2020	a	0.4	0.4	a	86	86	a	8,901	8,901
Norway	2012	1.0	1.1	2.1	86	86	86	15,604	9,050	11,383
	2013	1.0	1.0	2.0	93	93	93	24,329	14,704	18,240
	2014	1.0	1.1	2.1	87	87	87	24,564	13,650	17,468
	2015	0.9	0.9	1.8	85	85	85	24,228	13,457	17,225
	2016	1.0	1.0	2.0	86	86	86	25,365	14,344	18,244
	2017	1.0	1.0	2.0	86	86	86	27,487	15,270	19,663
	2018	1.0	1.0	2.0	86	86	86	29,726	16,514	21,286
	2019	1.0	1.0	2.0	87	87	87	30,199	16,777	21,599
	2020	1.0	1.0	2.0	87	87	87	31,341	17,412	22,386
Austria	2012	0.1	0.5	0.6	69	87	84	9,434	7,716	7,954
	2013	0.1	0.5	0.6	73	88	85	10,307	8,737	8,977
	2014	0.1	0.5	0.6	77	87	85	11,729	9,122	9,525
	2015	0.1	0.5	0.7	75	87	85	11,815	9,439	9,824
	2016	0.1	0.5	0.7	75	87	85	11,995	10,028	10,364
	2017	0.1	0.5	0.7	76	87	85	12,493	10,686	11,009
	2018	0.1	0.5	0.7	77	87	85	12,864	10,915	11,281
	2019	0.2	0.5	0.7	73	87	83	15,014	11,143	11,877
	2020	0.2	0.6	0.8	77	89	86	15,786	11,977	12,698
Poland⁵⁾	2012	a	0.7	0.7	a	76	76	a	6,505	6,505
	2013	a	0.8	0.8	a	77	77	a	5,552	5,552
	2014	a	0.8	0.8	a	79	79	a	6,211	6,211
	2015	a	0.7	0.7	a	82	82	a	6,222	6,222
	2016	a	0.8	0.8	a	82	82	a	6,832	6,832
	2017	a	0.8	0.8	a	81	81	a	7,164	7,164
	2018	a	0.9	0.9	a	82	82	a	7,574	7,574
	2019	a	0.9	0.9	a	84	84	a	8,003	8,003
	2020	a	0.9	0.9	a	84	84	a	8,644	8,644
Portugal³⁾⁵⁾	2012	m	0.6	m	m	61	m	m	5,713	m
	2013	a	0.6	0.6	a	65	65	a	6,604	6,604
	2014	a	0.6	0.6	a	66	66	a	6,349	6,349
	2015	m	0.6	m	a	64	64	m	7,099	m
	2016	m	0.6	m	m	64	m	m	7,451	m
	2017	m	0.6	m	m	67	m	m	8,146	m
	2018	m	0.5	m	m	66	m	m	8,113	m
	2019	m	0.5	m	m	65	m	m	8,147	m
	2020	m	0.6	m	m	65	m	m	8,322	m
Sweden	2012	0.5	1.2	1.8	m	m	m	14,180	12,212	12,752
	2013	0.6	1.4	1.9	94	94	94	14,787	12,833	13,356
	2014	0.6	1.4	1.9	94	95	94	15,473	13,198	13,796
	2015	0.6	1.4	1.9	94	95	95	16,917	14,212	14,917
	2016	0.6	1.4	1.9	94	95	94	17,508	14,528	15,303
	2017	0.5	1.3	1.8	94	94	94	17,520	14,703	15,442
	2018	0.5	1.3	1.8	94	95	94	18,010	15,004	15,794
	2019	0.6	1.2	1.8	94	94	94	20,386	14,150	15,794
	2020	0.6	1.2	1.8	94	94	94	21,407	14,934	16,621
Switzerland⁴⁾⁵⁾⁶⁾	2012	a	0.2	0.2	a	m	m	a	5,457	5,457
	2013	a	0.2	0.2	a	m	m	a	5,479	5,479
	2014	a	0.2	0.2	a	m	m	a	6,171	6,171
	2015	a	0.4	0.4	a	m	m	a	m	m
	2016	a	0.4	0.4	a	m	m	a	12,592	12,592
	2017	a	0.4	0.4	a	m	m	a	13,412	13,412
	2018	a	m	m	a	111	111	a	m	m
	2019	a	m	m	m	m	m	a	m	m
	2020	a	m	m	m	m	m	a	m	m
Slovakia	2012	a	0.5	0.5	a	83	83	a	4,694	4,694
	2013	a	0.5	0.5	a	85	85	a	4,996	4,996
	2014	a	0.6	0.6	a	86	86	a	5,596	5,596
	2015	a	0.6	0.6	a	85	85	a	5,811	5,811
	2016	a	0.6	0.6	a	85	85	a	6,169	6,169
	2017	a	0.6	0.6	a	88	88	a	6,123	6,123
	2018	a	0.6	0.6	a	85	85	a	6,623	6,623
	2019	a	0.7	0.7	a	88	88	a	6,623	6,623
	2020	a	0.7	0.7	a	89	89	a	7,642	7,642
Slovenia²⁾	2012	0.4	0.8	1.3	75	79	78	11,665	7,472	8,726
	2013	0.5	0.8	1.3	75	76	76	11,857	8,101	9,177
	2014	0.4	0.8	1.3	78	78	78	12,587	8,839	9,913
	2015	0.4	0.7	1.1	76	76	76	10,520	7,844	8,610
	2016	0.4	0.7	1.1	75	75	75	10,701	7,819	8,653
	2017	0.4	0.7	1.1	77	77	77	11,222	8,528	9,329
	2018	0.4	0.7	1.0	77	77	77	11,664	8,893	9,731
	2019	0.4	0.7	1.0	77	77	77	12,067	9,249	10,116
	2020	0.4	0.7	1.1	80	80	80	13,218	10,038	11,016
Spain	2012	0.2	0.7	0.9	62	73	70	7,924	6,182	6,588
	2013	0.2	0.6	0.8	58	82	75	8,160	6,021	6,523
	2014	0.2	0.6	0.8	57	83	75	8,121	6,224	6,674
	2015	0.2	0.6	0.8	59	82	76	8,166	6,596	6,977
	2016	0.2	0.5	0.8	59	82	76	8,202	6,916	7,238
	2017	0.2	0.5	0.7	60	83	76	8,735	7,413	7,759
	2018	0.2	0.5	0.7	66	84	78	9,084	7,577	7,981
	2019	0.2	0.5	0.7	67	84	79	9,596	7,827	8,303
	2020	0.3	0.6	0.8	71	86	81	10,205	8,230	8,742
South Korea³⁾	2012	m	0.3	m	m	62	m	m	5,674	m
	2013	m	0.4	m	m	78	m	m	6,227	m
	2014	m	0.5	m	m	83	m	m	7,461	m
	2015	m	0.6	m	m	84	m	m	7,814	m
	2016	m	0.5	m	m	82	m	m	7,359	m
	2017	m	0.5	m	m	82	m	m	7,547	m
	2018	m	0.5	m	m	82	m	m	8,075	m
	2019	m	0.5	m	m	84	m	m	8,601	m
	2020	m	0.5	m	m	90	m	m	10,099	m
Czech Republic⁴⁾	2012	a	0.5	0.5	a	92	92	a	4,447	4,447
	2013	a	0.5	0.5	a	92	92	a	4,655	4,655
	2014	a	0.5	0.5	a	92	92	a	5,031	5,031
	2015	a	0.5	0.5	a	92	92	a	4,953	4,953
	2016	a	0.5	0.5	a	89	89	a	5,125	5,125
	2017	a	0.5	0.5	a	90	90	a	6,109	6,109
	2018	a	0.6	0.6	a	90	90	a	6,818	6,818
	2019	a	0.6	0.6	a	91	91	a	6,818	6,818
	2020	a	0.6	0.6	a	91	91	a	8,048	8,048
Turkey³⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	0.2	m	m	73	m	m	3,172	m
	2014	y	y	0.2	y	y	66	y	y	2,395
	2015	y	y	0.2	y	58	58	y	y	3,591
	2016	y	y	0.3	72	m	72	y	y	5,568
	2017	m	0.3	m	m	71	m	m	5,250	m
	2018	m	0.4	m	m	74	m	m	5,314	m
	2019	m	0.4	m	m	81	m	m	5,075	m
	2020	m	0.3	m	m	84	m	m	4,718	m
Hungary²⁾	2012	m	0.7	m	m	92	m	m	4,539	m
	2013	m	0.7	m	m	91	m	m	5,074	m
	2014	y	y	0.9	y	y	94	y	y	6,829
	2015	0.0	0.8	0.9	93	93	93	6,818	6,836	6,835
	2016	0.0	0.8	0.9	92	92	92	6,834	7,171	7,155
	2017	0.0	0.8	0.8	89	89	89	7,253	7,409	7,401
	2018	0.0	0.7	0.8	90	90	90	7,222	7,432	7,421
	2019	0.0	0.8	0.8	88	88	88	7,775	7,818	7,816
	2020	0.0	0.7	0.8	90	90	90	6,853	7,600	7,565
United Kingdom	2012	0.1	0.5	0.6	64	63	63	9,495	10,699	10,548
	2013	0.0	0.5	0.5	60	66	65	8,668	8,727	8,722
	2014	0.1	0.4	0.5	40	48	47	11,605	9,586	9,849
	2015	0.1	0.4	0.5	30	59	54	9,560	8,957	9,048
	2016	0.1	0.4	0.5	38	50	48	5,658	5,932	5,880
	2017	0.1	0.4	0.4	42	59	56	5,296	6,133	5,971
	2018	0.1	0.3	0.4	45	62	59	m	m	m
	2019	0.1	0.3	0.4	46	62	60	m	m	m
	2020	0.1	0.3	0.4	30	70	60	m	m	m
United States²⁾³⁾	2012	m	0.5	m	m	75	m	m	10,042	m
	2013	m	0.4	m	m	74	m	m	9,986	m
	2014	m	0.4	m	m	74	m	m	10,427	m
	2015	m	0.4	m	m	74	m	m	10,830	m
	2016	m	0.4	m	m	74	m	m	9,151	m
	2017	m	0.4	m	m	75	m	m	9,435	m
	2018	m	0.4	m	m	76	m	m	9,832	m
	2019	m	0.4	m	m	76	m	m	10,456	m
	2020	m	0.5	m	m	76	m	m	11,014	m
OECD average⁹⁾	2012	0.4	0.6	0.8	68	80	78	12,324	8,008	7,886
	2013	0.2	0.6	0.8	69	83	81	12,501	8,070	8,618
	2014	m	0.6	0.8	71	83	82	13,536	8,723	8,858
	2015	0.2	0.6	0.8	72	83	m	12,433	8,528	8,759
	2016	0.3	0.6	0.8	m	m	m	12,080	8,349	8,605
	2017	0.3	0.6	0.9	m	86	85	12,819	9,079	9,661
	2018	0.4	0.6	0.9	m	83	82	14,436	9,260	10,118
	2019	m	0.6	0.9	m	84	82	15,531	9,598	10,724
	2020	m	0.7	0.9	m	86	85	15,636	10,181	11,145
EU average¹⁰⁾	2012	0.3	0.7	0.8	72	84	83	12,040	8,146	7,977
	2013	0.1	0.6	0.8	75	87	86	12,476	7,957	8,536
	2014	m	0.6	0.8	73	86	85	13,453	8,551	9,069
	2015	0.2	0.6	0.8	75	86	m	12,249	8,298	8,952
	2016	0.3	0.7	0.9	m	m	m	11,809	9,114	9,342
	2017	0.3	0.7	0.8	m	83	82	12,727	9,042	9,698
	2018	0.3	0.7	0.8	m	87	87	14,686	9,574	10,112
	2019	m	0.7	0.9	m	87	87	15,602	9,841	10,729
	2020	m	0.7	0.9	m	89	88	15,252	10,070	10,538
Argentina⁵⁾⁶⁾	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	y	y	0.6	y	y	76	m	m	3,395
	2014	y	y	0.6	y	y	78	y	y	2,747
	2015	y	y	0.4	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	0.5	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Brazil²⁾⁵⁾	2012	y	y	0.6	m	m	m	y	y	2,939
	2013	y	y	0.6	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	y	y	0.6	m	m	m	y	y	3,768
	2015	y	y	0.7	m	m	m	y	y	3,846
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
China	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
India	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	a	m	m	a	m	m	a	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	a	m	m
Indonesia⁴⁾⁵⁾	2012	m	0.1	m	m	88	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	0.1	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	y	y	0.1	y	y	89	y	y	2,261
	2015	y	y	0.1	y	89	89	y	y	170
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Russian Federation⁶⁾	2012	y	y	0.8	y	y	89	y	y	4,887
	2013	y	y	1.1	y	y	90	y	y	5,588
	2014	y	y	1.0	y	y	90	y	y	5,541
	2015	y	y	1.0	y	88	88	y	y	5,062
	2016	y	y	0.9	y	y	87	y	y	4,394
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	y	y	6,186
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Saudi Arabia	2012	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
South Africa⁴⁾⁵⁾	2012	a	0.1	0.1	a	m	m	a	806	806
	2013	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2014	a	m	m	a	m	m	a	824	824
	2015	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2016	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2017	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
	2018	a	m	m	m	m	m	a	m	m
	2019	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m	m
	2020	m	m	m	a	m	m	m	m	m