Table 1.7.1 - BMBF's Data Portal

Table 1.7.1

R&D personnel, by personnel groups and sectors of employment, based on full-time equivalents
			Total	Of which, researchers	Of which, technicians	Of which, others
Regional distribution¹⁾	Sector (OECD definition)	Year (ACTUAL)²⁾	Number
Länder, total	1. Business enterprise sector³⁾	1981	242,544	77,017	73,039	92,488
		1989	296,510	113,247	88,082	95,181
		1993	293,774	128,956	81,952	82,863
		1995	283,316	129,370	78,155	75,791
		1996	276,794	126,392	76,356	74,046
		1997	286,270	132,686	79,016	74,569
		1998	288,090	133,529	79,518	75,043
		1999	306,693	150,149	80,165	76,378
		2000	312,490	153,026	81,654	77,810
		2001	307,257	157,836	74,144	75,277
		2002	302,600	155,440	73,020	74,140
		2003	298,072	161,980	70,056	66,035
		2004	298,549	162,232	70,177	66,140
		2005	304,502	166,874	76,256	61,372
		2006	312,145	171,063	78,170	62,912
		2007	321,853	174,307	83,563	63,983
		2008	332,909	180,297	86,433	66,181
		2009	332,491	183,214	88,002	61,275
		2010	337,211	185,815	89,251	62,145
		2011	357,129	190,696	115,495	50,941
		2012	367,478	199,623	117,499	50,356
		2013	360,375	198,585	113,935	47,855
		2014	371,706	198,076	122,273	51,357
		2015	404,767	230,823	125,438	48,506
		2016	413,027	235,758	127,395	49,875
		2017	436,571	252,759	132,794	51,017
		2018	451,057	261,634	136,611	52,813
		2019	475,676	276,964	143,513	55,199
		2020	467,444	272,171	141,029	54,244
		2021	478,129	277,043	146,198	54,887
	2. Government sector⁴⁾⁵⁾	1981	50,921	18,919	16,532	15,470
		1989	60,269	24,319	18,746	17,205
		1993	71,363	34,011	20,668	16,684
		1995	75,148	37,324	20,380	17,444
		1996	74,725	37,687	20,220	16,818
		1997	73,495	37,402	19,364	16,729
		1998	73,369	38,210	18,618	16,541
		1999	71,435	37,846	17,535	16,054
		2000	71,454	37,667	17,599	16,188
		2001	71,906	38,587	17,355	15,964
		2002	72,690	39,080	17,507	16,103
		2003	73,867	38,719	8,525	26,623
		2004	76,088	42,212	7,146	26,730
		2005	76,254	39,911	8,420	27,923
		2006	78,357	41,486	10,383	26,487
		2007	80,644	43,561	11,751	25,332
		2008	83,066	45,342	11,815	25,910
		2009	86,633	49,241	12,274	25,118
		2010	90,531	51,783	12,565	26,182
		2011	93,663	54,185	12,634	26,844
		2012	95,882	55,597	12,972	27,313
		2013	98,161	56,755	13,799	27,607
		2014	101,005	52,854	20,041	28,110
		2015	101,717	54,011	20,012	27,694
		2016	103,206	53,971	20,646	28,589
		2017	106,025	54,715	21,902	29,408
		2018	109,487	57,183	22,310	29,994
		2019	112,593	59,221	22,274	31,097
		2020	114,695	60,988	22,472	31,235
		2021	119,268	63,701	22,786	32,781
	3. Higher education sector⁶⁾	1981	58,614	32,264	11,462	14,888
		1989	69,667	38,836	13,498	17,332
		1993	m	m	m	m
		1995	100,674	64,434	13,636	22,604
1996		102,160	66,110	13,578	22,472
1997		100,645	65,704	13,369	21,573
1998		100,080	65,973	12,929	21,179
1999		101,471	66,695	12,666	22,110
2000		100,790	67,087	12,151	21,551
2001		101,443	67,962	11,951	21,530
2002		104,714	71,292	11,746	21,675
2003		100,593	68,243	11,375	20,976
2004		96,092	65,764	10,559	19,769
2005		94,522	65,363	9,902	19,258
2006		97,433	67,273	10,369	19,791
2007		103,953	72,985	11,836	19,132
2008		107,529	77,004	11,532	18,993
2009		115,851	84,852	11,384	19,615
2010		120,981	90,398	11,395	19,188
2011		124,308	93,811	11,386	19,111
2012		127,900	97,199	10,895	19,807
2013		130,079	99,123	11,036	19,919
2014		132,542	100,992	11,073	20,476
2015		134,032	103,148	10,752	20,132
2016		141,661	109,877	11,443	20,342
2017		143,753	112,143	11,171	20,439
2018		147,160	114,868	11,492	20,801
2019		147,316	114,512	10,990	21,814
2020		151,692	117,638	11,387	22,668
2021		156,543	120,901	10,853	24,789
4. Total	1981	352,079	128,200	101,033	122,846
	1989	426,446	176,402	120,326	129,718
	1993	m	m	m	m
	1995	459,138	231,128	112,171	115,839
	1996	453,679	230,189	110,154	113,336
	1997	460,410	235,792	111,749	112,869
	1998	461,539	237,712	111,065	112,763
	1999	479,599	254,690	110,366	114,542
	2000	484,734	257,780	111,404	115,549
	2001	480,606	264,385	103,450	112,771
	2002	480,004	265,812	102,273	111,918
	2003	472,532	268,942	89,956	113,634
	2004	470,729	270,208	87,882	112,639
	2005	475,278	272,148	94,578	108,553
	2006	487,935	279,822	98,922	109,190
	2007	506,450	290,853	107,150	108,447
	2008	523,504	302,643	109,780	111,084
	2009	534,975	317,307	111,660	106,008
	2010	548,723	327,996	113,211	107,515
	2011	575,100	338,692	139,515	96,896
	2012	591,261	352,419	141,366	97,476
	2013	588,615	354,463	138,770	95,382
	2014	605,253	351,923	153,387	99,943
	2015	640,515	387,982	156,202	96,331
	2016	657,894	399,606	159,484	98,806
	2017	686,349	419,617	165,867	100,864
	2018	707,704	433,685	170,413	103,608
	2019	735,584	450,697	176,777	108,110
	2020	733,831	450,796	174,888	108,147
	2021	753,940	461,645	179,838	112,457
Regional distribution¹⁾	Sector (OECD definition)	Year (ACTUAL)²⁾	Number
Of which, Eastern German Länder and Berlin	1. Business enterprise sector⁷⁾	1995	32,611	19,768	5,402	7,443
		2000	36,220	21,370	7,790	7,060
		2001	36,903	22,325	7,330	7,250
		2002	36,340	21,980	7,220	7,140
		2003	30,463	18,346	6,294	5,822
		2004	30,513	18,378	6,304	5,832
		2005	29,525	17,393	6,696	5,436
		2006	30,260	17,826	6,863	5,571
		2007	31,509	18,194	7,825	5,490
		2008	32,591	18,819	8,094	5,679
		2009	33,190	19,385	8,642	5,164
		2010	33,662	19,661	8,764	5,236
		2011	36,126	19,982	12,055	4,090
		2012	37,173	20,567	12,404	4,202
		2013	34,581	19,577	11,516	3,488
		2014	35,668	19,007	11,733	4,928
		2015	38,707	22,692	12,444	3,570
		2016	39,052	23,143	12,356	3,554
		2017	41,680	24,553	13,478	3,649
		2018	43,099	25,392	13,911	3,795
		2019	45,054	26,551	14,595	3,909
		2020	44,274	26,091	14,342	3,841
		2021	45,290	26,630	14,750	3,911
	2. Government sector⁴⁾⁵⁾	1995	20,782	11,481	4,894	4,407
		2000	19,951	11,641	4,372	3,938
		2001	20,521	12,486	4,228	3,807
		2002	20,926	12,698	4,329	3,899
		2003	21,943	12,805	1,722	7,416
		2004	22,978	13,586	1,787	7,605
		2005	21,970	12,012	2,018	7,940
		2006	23,019	13,083	2,556	7,379
		2007	23,955	13,950	2,823	7,182
		2008	24,916	14,477	2,989	7,451
		2009	25,741	15,421	3,096	7,224
		2010	27,560	16,458	3,475	7,628
		2011	28,589	17,234	3,424	7,931
		2012	29,336	17,898	3,284	8,154
		2013	29,654	17,886	3,533	8,235
		2014	30,531	15,906	7,115	7,510
		2015	29,940	16,151	6,599	7,189
		2016	30,359	16,280	6,658	7,421
		2017	31,346	16,935	6,739	7,672
		2018	32,547	17,859	6,907	7,781
		2019	33,452	18,582	6,855	8,015
		2020	34,225	19,036	6,999	8,190
		2021	35,441	19,782	7,111	8,548
	3. Higher education sector⁶⁾	1995	24,601	15,484	3,214	5,901
		2000	23,032	15,415	2,494	5,122
		2001	23,238	15,615	2,495	5,128
		2002	23,864	16,449	2,304	5,111
		2003	22,504	15,532	2,249	4,723
		2004	22,201	15,322	2,113	4,767
		2005	22,441	15,579	1,896	4,966
		2006	22,454	15,650	1,940	4,863
		2007	23,184	16,636	2,203	4,345
		2008	24,438	17,763	2,218	4,457
		2009	26,350	19,600	2,367	4,383
		2010	27,687	20,883	2,372	4,432
		2011	27,732	21,255	2,221	4,256
		2012	29,080	22,265	2,178	4,637
		2013	29,375	22,517	2,194	4,664
		2014	29,377	22,423	2,206	4,748
		2015	29,477	22,863	2,070	4,544
		2016	30,182	23,574	2,124	4,484
2017		30,519	23,937	2,136	4,445
2018		30,908	24,240	2,086	4,582
2019		30,923	24,129	2,061	4,733
2020		32,128	24,996	2,213	4,918
2021		33,455	26,318	2,179	4,958
4. Total	1995	77,994	46,733	13,510	17,751
	2000	79,203	48,426	14,657	16,120
	2001	80,662	50,426	14,053	16,185
	2002	81,130	51,127	13,853	16,150
	2003	74,911	46,683	10,265	17,961
	2004	75,692	47,285	10,204	18,203
	2005	73,936	44,984	10,610	18,342
	2006	75,733	46,559	11,359	17,813
	2007	78,648	48,780	12,851	17,017
	2008	81,945	51,059	13,301	17,587
	2009	85,281	54,406	14,105	16,771
	2010	88,910	57,002	14,611	17,296
	2011	92,446	58,471	17,700	16,277
	2012	95,589	60,730	17,866	16,993
	2013	93,610	59,980	17,243	16,387
	2014	95,576	57,336	21,053	17,187
	2015	98,123	61,706	21,113	15,303
	2016	99,593	62,997	21,138	15,459
	2017	103,545	65,425	22,353	15,766
	2018	106,554	67,491	22,904	16,158
	2019	109,428	69,261	23,511	16,657
	2020	110,627	70,123	23,555	16,949
	2021	114,187	72,731	24,040	17,417