Tab.1.5.2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Employees, turnover and intramural R&D expenditure of enterprises, by economic activities and employment size classes 1)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2009,2009,2009,2009,2009,2009,2011,2011,2011,2011,2011,2011,2013,2013,2013,2013,2013,2013,2015,2015,2015,2015,2015,2015,2017,2017,2017,2017,2017,2017,2019,2019,2019,2019,2019,2019,2021,2021,2021,2021,2021,2021 ,Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total",Employees 2),Turnover 2),"Intramural R&D expenditure, total",Intramural R&D expenditure per employee,Intramural R&D expenditure: share of turnover,"Intramural R&D expenditure in the eastern German Länder and Berlin, total" Economic activity 3),"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros "A 01-03 Agriculture, forestry and fishing",4,732,94,23.5,12.8,17,5,1030,131,26.2,12.7,31,5,856,126,26.6,14.7,21,6,1903,144,25.3,7.6,20,6,1137,150,26.7,13.2,17,7,2114,169,24.2,8,21,8,2205,185,24.2,8.4,23,9,2912,228,24.6,7.8,28 B 05-09 Mining and quarrying,45,23114,28,0.6,0.1,1,31,15284,13,0.4,0.1,1,25,4506,10,0.4,0.2,2,21,4187,15,0.7,0.4,2,24,4119,21,0.9,0.5,2,26,5723,25,0.9,0.4,1,24,3395,20,0.8,0.6,1,17,2470,21,1.2,0.9,8 C 10-33 Manufacturing,3231,1023496,37934,11.7,3.7,2429,3147,903031,38711,12.3,4.3,2158,3240,1169180,43733,13.5,3.7,2441,3253,1097832,46049,14.2,4.2,2716,3332,1172964,51913,15.6,4.4,3065,3466,1308407,58494,16.9,4.5,3235,3669,1374254,64361,17.5,4.7,3570,3657,1365053,62638,17.1,4.6,3453 C 10-12 Manufacture of food products; manufacture of tobacco products,118,68234,317,2.7,0.5,15,120,48784,318,2.7,0.7,19,102,46797,308,3,0.7,16,112,45153,315,2.8,0.7,14,103,42473,318,3.1,0.7,12,109,46607,318,2.9,0.7,12,111,49535,337,3,0.7,13,113,51050,336,3,0.7,13 C 13-15 Manufacture of textiles and wearing apparel; manufacture of leather and related products,37,6767,133,3.6,2,20,29,5914,126,4.3,2.1,22,29,6752,119,4.1,1.8,17,28,6532,113,4,1.7,19,28,6322,91,3.2,1.4,16,32,7770,102,3.1,1.3,18,39,10825,115,2.9,1.1,20,44,18063,131,2.9,0.7,20 " C 16-18 Manufacture of wood and products of wood and cork (except furniture); manufacture of paper and paper products; publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media",55,14804,181,3.3,1.2,24,56,15074,176,3.1,1.2,29,54,15894,183,3.4,1.2,36,53,15559,227,4.3,1.5,38,54,14612,215,4,1.5,43,56,16288,248,4.4,1.5,55,57,16345,232,4.1,1.4,41,61,17638,231,3.8,1.3,38 C 19 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products,9,38991,88,9.8,0.2,1,9,38975,93,10.3,0.2,1,9,39956,94,10.7,0.2,0,7,38373,94,14,0.2,0,5,37872,135,24.5,0.4,0,7,17860,145,19.4,0.8,1,7,23064,159,22.4,0.7,1,11,27508,143,13.2,0.5,1 C 20 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products,238,95204,3143,13.2,3.3,108,246,84595,3198,13,3.8,114,245,102038,3297,13.5,3.2,105,239,115466,3347,14,2.9,97,243,108297,3786,15.6,3.5,122,248,99340,4065,16.4,4.1,149,257,104493,4411,17.1,4.2,156,254,107173,4599,18.1,4.3,141 C 21 Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations,115,40302,3312,28.8,8.2,288,114,42812,3896,34.2,9.1,312,120,39754,4070,34,10.2,313,117,43302,4075,34.9,9.4,647,115,44919,3956,34.3,8.8,572,149,52044,4631,31,8.9,656,141,50077,5434,38.6,10.9,786,130,68508,5527,42.6,8.1,569 C 22 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products,149,32946,868,5.8,2.6,26,144,29690,847,5.9,2.9,26,146,33529,943,6.5,2.8,31,146,33748,970,6.6,2.9,28,154,41917,1088,7.1,2.6,30,153,43008,1149,7.5,2.7,35,162,44660,1333,8.2,3,35,159,40532,1338,8.4,3.3,37 C 23 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products,73,14129,250,3.4,1.8,22,68,13021,288,4.2,2.2,29,73,14693,281,3.8,1.9,27,72,15183,292,4.1,1.9,29,74,23576,310,4.2,1.3,28,77,21896,319,4.1,1.5,31,87,23770,376,4.3,1.6,36,83,23705,346,4.2,1.5,36 C 24 Manufacture of basic metals,152,61024,374,2.5,0.6,25,152,52279,495,3.3,0.9,26,166,177282,516,3.1,0.3,23,160,75017,530,3.3,0.7,16,164,74786,531,3.2,0.7,14,176,81027,578,3.3,0.7,16,170,80932,543,3.2,0.7,19,161,88535,502,3.1,0.6,18 " C 25 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment",186,35868,706,3.8,2,61,187,34266,712,3.8,2.1,66,186,36433,726,3.9,2,71,186,37328,743,4,2,69,190,37640,824,4.3,2.2,63,197,42047,921,4.7,2.2,64,239,50254,1024,4.3,2,71,228,57589,1043,4.6,1.8,77 " C 26 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products",392,96722,6079,15.5,6.3,1080,382,75357,5815,15.2,7.7,743,375,90481,6563,17.5,7.3,834,378,86346,7342,19.4,8.5,858,399,100252,7541,18.9,7.5,932,327,100618,7739,23.7,7.7,1032,361,104296,8721,24.2,8.4,946,364,107335,9034,24.8,8.4,1025 C 27 Manufacture of electrical equipment,169,35994,1405,8.3,3.9,64,161,33294,1333,8.3,4,63,173,37031,1602,9.3,4.3,70,203,44370,2130,10.5,4.8,75,199,46199,2249,11.3,4.9,83,219,58814,2692,12.3,4.6,150,216,62246,2695,12.5,4.3,159,218,54613,2885,13.2,5.3,167 C 28 Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.,563,124697,4414,7.8,3.5,336,551,116632,4499,8.2,3.9,340,562,139006,4902,8.7,3.5,333,609,147779,5388,8.8,3.6,302,580,143295,5459,9.4,3.8,305,607,164178,7117,11.7,4.3,481,642,185254,7450,11.6,4,553,643,162150,7175,11.2,4.4,527 " C 29 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers",755,306523,13673,18.1,4.5,153,718,263035,13821,19.2,5.3,147,777,331415,16312,21,4.9,164,733,335826,17187,23.5,5.1,152,800,383573,21466,26.8,5.6,225,904,485622,25656,28.4,5.3,220,944,493945,28253,29.9,5.7,287,901,467243,26011,28.9,5.6,251 C 30 Manufacture of other transport equipment,109,28096,2086,19.1,7.4,73,104,26741,2056,19.8,7.7,51,104,28813,2602,25,9,188,87,28005,2018,23.1,7.2,157,91,32610,2007,22.1,6.2,243,84,37106,1776,21.1,4.8,219,100,37508,1977,19.8,5.3,317,148,37816,1774,12,4.7,272 C 31-33 Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing; repair and installation of machinery and equipment,110,23197,905,8.2,3.9,133,105,22562,1039,9.9,4.6,169,121,29307,1214,10.1,4.1,211,124,29845,1279,10.3,4.3,213,132,34620,1935,14.7,5.6,377,119,34181,1038,8.7,3,98,136,37049,1299,9.5,3.5,130,140,35596,1564,11.2,4.4,262 "D 35, E 36-39 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities",142,109772,124,0.9,0.1,10,148,139235,216,1.5,0.2,35,161,193720,197,1.2,0.1,19,151,231366,209,1.4,0.1,27,148,120471,161,1.1,0.1,25,158,154400,177,1.1,0.1,34,187,163706,187,1,0.1,36,195,250335,198,1,0.1,58 F 41-43 Construction,64,12829,58,0.9,0.5,16,71,13124,69,1,0.5,28,67,14111,66,1,0.5,22,69,14935,80,1.2,0.5,22,97,16118,75,0.8,0.5,16,91,16734,85,0.9,0.5,18,104,20837,117,1.1,0.6,29,126,26488,119,0.9,0.4,32 J 58-63 Information and communication,222,50029,1846,8.3,3.7,350,229,50241,2564,11.2,5.1,483,250,60421,2990,12,5,559,251,54603,3170,12.6,5.8,530,256,59280,3185,12.4,5.4,572,269,66136,3380,12.5,5.1,643,287,65316,4295,14.9,6.6,763,307,88592,5465,17.8,6.2,1026 K 64-66 Financial and insurance activities,56,46170,210,3.8,0.5,0,72,57671,335,4.7,0.6,0,86,259361,261,3,0.1,0,83,231208,290,3.5,0.1,0,93,207182,284,3,0.1,0,102,250723,248,2.4,0.1,0,115,92664,337,2.9,0.4,1,93,64473,350,3.8,0.5,3 "M 69-75 Professional, scientific and technical activities",129,19046,2039,15.8,10.7,454,196,27224,2629,13.4,9.7,622,225,41659,2989,13.3,7.2,764,241,65317,3201,13.3,4.9,711,330,53762,4685,14.2,8.7,824,454,71254,5594,12.3,7.9,928,450,67495,5547,12.3,8.2,939,461,90415,6002,13,6.6,943 "G-I, L, N-U Remaining categories",155,76834,425,2.7,0.6,29,160,72022,313,2,0.4,49,444,143630,432,1,0.3,42,954,268126,408,0.4,0.2,41,1136,295323,478,0.4,0.2,62,1095,329041,617,0.6,0.2,97,1321,335622,782,0.6,0.2,128,1412,345195,739,0.5,0.2,61 Total,4050,1362021,42759,10.6,3.1,3306,4058,1278862,44983,11.1,3.5,3408,4501,1887444,50804,11.3,2.7,3869,5029,1969476,53566,10.7,2.7,4069,5422,1930356,60952,11.2,3.2,4583,5669,2204531,68787,12.1,3.1,4977,6164,2125494,75830,12.3,3.6,5489,6278,2235933,75761,12.1,3.4,5613 Employment size class,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,"1,000",Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Thousands of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros Less than 100 employees,212,33192,2135,10.1,6.4,736,232,38316,2372,10.2,6.2,816,257,48209,2864,11.2,5.9,903,271,57877,2961,10.9,5.1,897,278,74093,2835,10.2,3.8,802,305,80734,3154,10.3,3.9,884,360,76763,3816,10.6,5,1039,395,79812,4230,10.7,5.3,1134 100 to 249 employees,307,65616,2187,7.1,3.3,382,315,64063,2335,7.4,3.6,458,322,70006,2491,7.7,3.6,551,307,65638,2230,7.3,3.4,409,323,67404,2422,7.5,3.6,463,347,85690,2571,7.4,3,496,387,95204,2892,7.5,3,507,420,103428,2943,7,2.8,525 250 to 499 employees,340,82178,2253,6.6,2.7,255,337,81129,2330,6.9,2.9,180,350,95493,2657,7.6,2.8,197,319,83741,2648,8.3,3.2,221,328,96834,2826,8.6,2.9,335,372,116946,3160,8.5,2.7,335,400,114144,3373,8.4,3,322,416,120348,3325,8,2.8,291 Sub-total less than 100 to 499 employees,859,180986,6575,7.7,3.6,1373,884,183508,7037,8,3.8,1454,928,213708,8012,8.6,3.7,1653,896,207255,7839,8.7,3.8,1527,929,238332,8082,8.7,3.4,1600,1024,283370,8885,8.7,3.1,1715,1147,286112,10081,8.8,3.5,1868,1231,303588,10498,8.5,3.5,1949 500 bis 999 Beschäftigte,359,98491,2694,7.5,2.7,203,348,99355,2688,7.7,2.7,262,370,112068,3027,8.2,2.7,226,394,130792,3215,8.2,2.5,192,405,120205,3660,9,3,185,438,160043,4099,9.4,2.6,348,466,151815,4189,9,2.8,459,498,167255,5079,10.2,3,458 "1,000 to 1,999 employees",433,119366,3850,8.9,3.2,150,430,119763,4101,9.5,3.4,131,435,154148,4784,11,3.1,359,458,144365,5222,11.4,3.6,433,495,159021,5585,11.3,3.5,458,530,198239,5822,11,2.9,396,555,219455,6254,11.3,2.8,312,577,266963,6495,11.3,2.4,574 "2,000 to 4,999 employees",522,184885,5806,11.1,3.1,615,505,168463,5766,11.4,3.4,479,522,243010,5693,10.9,2.3,415,569,279451,6480,11.4,2.3,452,576,299698,6846,11.9,2.3,402,653,277788,7571,11.6,2.7,499,715,343628,8189,11.5,2.4,566,777,399791,9790,12.6,2.4,506 "5,000 to 9,999 employees",338,193127,4183,12.4,2.2,12,387,180942,5640,14.6,3.1,123,376,164481,4778,12.7,2.9,205,402,152761,5051,12.6,3.3,84,435,132338,6372,14.6,4.8,276,475,204291,6771,14.3,3.3,284,542,217634,8646,16,4,459,572,186517,8029,14,4.3,2022 "10,000 and more employees",1540,585166,19652,12.8,3.4,952,1505,526831,19751,13.1,3.7,959,1870,1000029,24509,13.1,2.5,1012,2310,1054853,25760,11.2,2.4,1381,2581,980763,30406,11.8,3.1,1663,2550,1080800,35639,14,3.3,1736,2739,906850,38471,14,4.2,1825,2623,911820,35870,13.7,3.9,1642 " Sub-total 500 to 10,000 and more employees",3192,1181035,36185,11.3,3.1,1932,3175,1095354,37946,11.1,3.2,1954,3573,1673736,42792,12,2.6,2217,4133,1762221,45728,11.1,2.6,2541,4493,1692024,52869,11.8,3.1,2984,4645,1921161,59902,12.9,3.1,3263,5017,1839382,65749,13.1,3.6,3621,5047,1932345,65263,12.9,3.4,3664 Total,4050,1362021,42759,10.6,3.1,3306,4058,1278862,44983,11.1,3.5,3408,4501,1887444,50804,11.3,2.7,3869,5029,1969476,53566,10.7,2.7,4069,5422,1930356,60952,11.2,3.2,4583,5669,2204531,68787,12.1,3.1,4977,6164,2125494,75830,12.3,3.6,5489,6278,2235933,75761,12.1,3.4,5613 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Source: Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, special evaluation",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Notes:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1) Including institutions for cooperative industrial research and experimental development.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2) Employees and turnover of enterprises with internal and/or external R&D expenditure.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "3) Classification of economic activities, 2008 edition (based on NACE 2008 - Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, "Last update: July 10, 2023",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution non-commercial 1.0.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-nc-1-0),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,