Tab.1.1.2,,,,,
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R&D expenditure of the Federal Republic of Germany and funding thereof 1),,,,,
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,Territorial authorities 2),Territorial authorities (R&D expenditure in percent of the overall government budget) 2)3),Business enterprises 4),Private non-profit institutions 5),Total R&D expenditure
Year,Millions of euros,Share (%),Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros
1965,1915,2.7,2076,48,4039
1970,3528,3.5,3891,97,7516
1975,6153,3.4,6029,159,12341
1980,8194,3.1,10172,61,18427
1981,8981,3.2,11154,78,20214
1982,9579,3.3,11972,83,21634
1983,9475,3.2,13011,86,22571
1984,9847,3.3,13825,78,23751
1985,10587,3.4,15896,68,26551
1986,10790,3.4,17186,99,28075
1987,11114,3.3,18831,122,30067
1988,11276,3.3,19807,144,31228
1989,11864,3.3,21064,166,33094
1990,12729,3.2,22081,182,34992
1991,14821,3.2,23935,196,38952
1992,15323,2.8,24195,145,39663
1993,15491,2.7,23973,122,39586
1994,15554,2.6,24151,130,39834
1995,15735,2.6,24733,104,40572
1996,16032,2.6,24940,126,41098
1997,15608,2.6,27036,141,42785
1998,15823,2.7,28873,154,44850
1999,15965,2.7,32411,205,48581
2000,16229,2.7,34333,208,50770
2001,16814,2.8,35095,222,52131
2002,17210,2.8,35904,242,53356
2003,17136,2.8,38060,176,55372
2004,16791,2.7,38394,208,55393
2005,16761,2.7,39569,164,56494
2006,17310,2.7,42281,211,59802
2007,18183,2.8,43768,217,62168
2008,19874,2.9,46890,207,66971
2009,21388,3,46019,176,67583
2010,22480,3.1,47409,164,70053
2011,23446,3,51448,264,75158
2012,23567,3,54109,307,77983
2013,24466,3.1,54569,246,79281
2014,25134,3.2,58115,264,83513
2015,26356,3.3,60940,319,87615
2016,27994,3.3,61673,332,90000
2017,29349,3.4,69066,344,98759
2018,30670,3.4,72662,362,103694
2019,32885,3.5,75288,396,108569
2020,35576,3.3,70627,398,106601
2021,37361,3.2,77601,363,115325
,,,,,
"Source: Federal Ministry of Education and Research, special evaluation; Federal Statistical Office, special evaluation; Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, special evaluation",,,,,
This table also appears in the Federal Report on Research and Innovation as Table 2.,,,,,
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Notes:,,,,,
"1) Data from surveys for the relevant domestic funding sectors. Until 1990, the former Federal Republic of Germany; as of 1991, all of Germany. Discrepancies from the figures in Table 1.1.1 result from use of different surveys (Table 1.1.2: survey of funding sectors; Table 1.1.1: survey of performing sectors).",,,,,
"2) Federal Government and the Länder. Funding for Federal research institutions, as of 1981; funding for Länder research institutions, as of 1983, but only shares for R&D. As of 2016, the increase of the R&D expenditure is due to an increase in the higher education sector of the Länder (partly because of the adjustment of R&D coefficients).",,,,,
"3) Net expenditure without social insurance. As of 1998, excluding hospitals and university clinics with commercial accounting procedures.",,,,,
"4) Data from surveys of the Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik; from 1981 to 1989, figures include data for the R&D-staff-cost subsidy programme (German Federation of Industrial Co-operative Research Associations AiF), with an estimate for 1989, and adjusted to eliminate double counting. Figures for industry-funded R&D expenditures refer to intramural R&D expenditures and to funds that other sectors (e.g. universities, other countries) have received from business enterprises. Due to revision of the calculation method, as of 1991, figures are not comparable to data from earlier publications. Even years are estimated on the basis of the previous year.",,,,,
5) Financed from own funds. Some figures are estimates.,,,,,
,,,,,
"Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,
"A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,
,,,,,
"Last update: May 22, 2024",,,,,
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This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution non-commercial 1.0.,,,,,
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-nc-1-0),,,,,