Tab.0.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Structural data of Germany 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1960,1970,1980,1990,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021
Structural data,"1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000"
Population 2),55958,61001,61658,63726,81817,82012,82057,82037,82163,82260,82440,82537,82532,82501,82438,82315,82218,82002,81802,81752,80328,80524,80767,81198,82176,82522,82792,83019,83167,83155,83237
   Male 2),26328,29072,29481,30851,39825,39955,39992,40004,40091,40157,40275,40345,40356,40354,40340,40301,40274,40184,40104,40112,39230,39381,39557,39835,40514,40697,40844,40967,41038,41027,41067
   Female 2),29631,31930,32177,32875,41993,42057,42065,42033,42073,42103,42166,42192,42176,42147,42098,42014,41944,41818,41699,41639,41098,41143,41211,41362,41662,41825,41949,42053,42129,42129,42170
   Foreigners 2),m,2738,4566,5447,7343,7492,7419,7308,7336,7268,7318,7348,7342,7288,7289,7256,7255,7186,7131,7199,6342,6644,7015,7540,8652,9220,9679,10089,10398,10585,10893
   Live births,1262,1048,866,906,765,796,812,785,771,767,734,719,707,706,686,673,685,683,665,678,663,674,682,715,738,792,785,788,778,773,795
     Live births of foreigners 3),11,63,81,86,100,106,107,100,95,50,44,41,39,36,30,29,31,34,33,33,32,32,39,52,68,97,98,105,106,106,106
   Surplus of births (+) or deaths (-),385,72,-87,-16,-119,-87,-48,-67,-76,-72,-94,-122,-147,-113,-144,-149,-142,-162,-189,-181,-190,-196,-212,-153,-188,-119,-147,-167,-161,-212,-228
   Net immigration (+) or net emigration (-) 4),176,555,298,670,398,282,94,47,202,167,273,219,143,83,79,23,44,-56,-13,128,279,369,429,550,1139,500,416,400,327,220,329
Employed persons 5),26194,25951,26874,29334,36048,35982,35805,35860,36402,36604,36816,36536,36172,35659,36566,37344,38163,38734,38662,38938,38916,39206,39618,39942,40279,41339,41641,41895,42379,41594,41602
   Male,16340,16441,16782,17585,20939,20706,20549,20509,20659,20680,20629,20336,19996,19681,20135,20477,20890,21188,20972,21048,20894,21067,21193,21344,21491,22107,22272,22380,22608,22151,22143
   Female,9854,9510,10092,11749,15109,15276,15256,15351,15744,15924,16187,16200,16176,15978,16432,16867,17272,17546,17690,17891,18022,18139,18425,18597,18788,19232,19369,19514,19771,19443,19459
"  Employed foreigners, of which 6)",279,1807,2018,1775,m,2120,2044,2030,1839,1899,1949,1930,1813,1739,1712,1739,1788,1854,1830,1879,2019,2193,2341,2563,2829,3134,3470,3848,4153,4236,4546
     Greeks,m,230,132,103,m,115,110,109,106,109,110,107,99,93,90,88,88,88,85,85,90,100,109,117,124,131,138,145,149,146,149
     Italians,m,364,305,170,m,205,202,203,199,203,203,196,181,173,169,170,173,177,175,179,187,196,206,218,232,244,255,267,274,269,275
     Portuguese,m,40,59,42,m,52,52,52,48,48,48,46,43,41,40,40,40,41,41,41,44,47,51,53,56,58,60,61,62,62,64
     Spaniards,m,163,86,61,m,48,46,45,40,40,40,39,37,34,34,33,33,33,33,34,36,40,48,56,60,64,67,69,71,71,76
     Turks,m,323,578,598,m,581,564,569,521,543,548,531,491,466,451,453,468,484,466,475,495,501,499,503,510,516,527,539,542,531,539
Unemployed persons 7),271,149,889,1883,3612,3965,4384,4281,4100,3890,3853,4061,4377,4381,4861,4487,3761,3259,3415,3239,2976,2897,2950,2898,2795,2691,2533,2340,2267,2695,2613
"  Of which, female",m,m,462,915,1761,1854,2042,2007,1940,1836,1789,1821,1931,1933,2258,2150,1867,1596,1552,1479,1390,1347,1353,1333,1277,1208,1135,1048,1004,1175,1159
  Unemployed persons without completed vocational training 8),m,m,444,808,1374,1511,1630,1531,1482,1396,1386,1396,1446,1462,1872,1804,1534,1337,1430,1340,1282,1215,1284,1303,1294,1263,1157,1202,1181,1408,1403
"    Of which, female",m,m,256,409,665,707,755,713,689,647,624,603,606,613,890,894,765,649,655,621,605,571,599,611,602,576,524,539,525,615,629
  Unemployed persons with in-company/school training 8),m,m,337,800,1941,2130,2452,2236,2263,2114,2176,2322,2507,2549,2517,2209,1817,1569,1688,1575,1389,1307,1359,1327,1240,1137,1028,926,877,1028,969
"    Of which, female",m,m,180,390,1005,1058,1235,1120,1153,1059,1074,1105,1190,1209,1211,1112,942,805,752,702,637,595,607,595,552,501,453,408,379,435,415
  Unemployed persons with academic degree 8)9),m,m,42,120,206,207,227,198,197,175,180,224,253,254,257,224,193,175,164,178,168,170,191,203,202,194,194,185,187,238,222
"    Of which, female",m,m,18,59,87,87,97,86,88,79,83,101,115,118,123,109,98,92,78,84,81,82,92,97,96,90,91,88,90,115,107
Structural data,Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%),Share (%)
Unemployment rate 10),m,m,m,m,9.4,10.4,11.4,11.1,10.5,9.6,9.4,9.8,10.5,10.5,11.7,10.8,9,7.8,8.1,7.7,7.1,6.8,6.9,6.7,6.4,6.1,5.7,5.2,5,5.9,5.7
   Unemployment rate of persons without completed vocational training 11),m,m,5.9,13.3,21.9,24.2,26.9,25.8,23.4,22.2,22.1,22.6,23.5,24.6,26,24,22.1,20.1,21.9,20.7,19.8,19.7,20,19.9,20.3,19.1,17.9,17.4,17,m,m
   Unemployment rate of persons with in-company/school training 11),m,m,2.1,4,7.4,8.1,9.3,8.5,8.7,8.1,8.3,8.8,9.6,9.9,9.7,8.5,7,6,6.6,5.8,5.1,5,5.1,4.9,4.6,4.2,3.9,3.4,3.3,m,m
   Unemployment rate of persons with university of applied sciences degree 11),m,m,1.8,2.8,3.4,3,3,2.6,m,m,m,2.9,3.7,3.7,3.8,3.3,2.6,2.1,2.8,2.7,2.6,2.6,2.6,2.7,2.5,2.4,2.4,2.1,2.1,m,m
   Unemployment rate of persons with university degree 11),m,m,1.9,3.9,4.3,4.2,4.5,3.9,m,m,m,4.2,4.3,4.1,4.3,3.6,3.1,2.7,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.5,2.4,2.5,2.4,2.2,2.2,2,2,m,m
Structural data,"1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000"
Pupils,8457,10976,11763,9044,12377,12560,12696,12709,12705,12642,12565,12480,12453,12387,12276,12138,11987,11830,11675,11485,11291,11114,10951,10872,10832,10885,10837,10780,10744,10735,10746
   Male,m,m,6162,4724,6412,6494,6558,6555,6559,6526,6493,6449,6436,6408,6353,6284,6210,6128,6048,5955,5862,5777,5698,5661,5652,5709,5690,5655,5632,5617,5616
   Female,m,m,5600,4320,5965,6066,6138,6153,6146,6116,6071,6031,6016,5980,5923,5854,5777,5701,5627,5530,5429,5337,5253,5211,5180,5175,5147,5125,5112,5118,5130
   Foreigners,m,187,747,966,1146,1174,1179,1157,1160,1155,1156,1156,1156,1143,1118,1085,1042,1002,969,933,872,835,818,833,912,1098,1167,1216,1269,1298,1341
"  Of which, pupils at general schools",6669,8992,9186,6882,9931,10070,10146,10108,10048,9960,9870,9780,9727,9625,9505,9356,9184,9024,8906,8797,8678,8557,8420,8367,8335,8370,8347,8330,8327,8381,8436
      Male,m,m,4704,3521,5054,5124,5162,5138,5110,5063,5017,4970,4942,4890,4828,4753,4666,4586,4530,4479,4423,4366,4300,4273,4260,4288,4271,4258,4252,4274,4299
      Female,m,m,4482,3360,4877,4946,4985,4970,4938,4898,4854,4811,4785,4735,4677,4603,4518,4438,4376,4318,4255,4191,4120,4093,4075,4082,4076,4072,4074,4107,4138
    New entrants,m,m,636,656,953,954,940,870,836,812,781,806,844,821,822,793,773,735,726,707,711,688,690,711,704,721,725,728,733,750,771
"  Of which, pupils at vocational schools",1788,1984,2576,2162,2446,2490,2550,2601,2656,2682,2694,2700,2726,2763,2771,2782,2803,2806,2769,2688,2612,2557,2531,2506,2497,2515,2490,2450,2417,2355,2310
      Male,m,m,1458,1203,1357,1370,1396,1418,1449,1463,1476,1479,1494,1518,1525,1531,1544,1543,1518,1476,1439,1412,1398,1388,1392,1422,1419,1397,1379,1343,1318
      Female,m,m,1118,960,1088,1121,1154,1183,1208,1218,1218,1221,1231,1245,1246,1251,1258,1263,1251,1212,1173,1146,1133,1118,1105,1093,1071,1053,1038,1011,992
"    Pupils at schools for nurses, midwives etc.",m,65,97,97,115,124,122,121,116,113,112,113,118,120,121,123,124,124,128,132,135,149,150,153,153,155,154,157,165,149,140
Apprentices,1279,1269,1715,1477,1579,1592,1622,1658,1698,1702,1685,1622,1582,1564,1553,1571,1595,1613,1571,1508,1461,1430,1392,1359,1337,1321,1324,1331,1329,1289,1255
   Male,818,820,1061,847,951,959,974,994,1011,1007,993,957,939,937,936,950,969,975,944,909,886,873,854,838,827,822,834,851,859,840,822
   Female,461,449,655,630,628,634,648,664,687,695,691,665,643,627,617,620,626,639,627,600,575,557,538,521,510,499,490,480,470,449,433
   Foreigners,m,m,m,98,121,116,110,104,101,97,92,85,79,72,68,66,69,73,76,77,78,79,80,83,87,96,113,131,143,141,135
   Apprentices with new training contracts,m,m,670,538,579,579,598,612,636,623,610,568,564,572,559,581,624,608,561,559,566,549,526,518,517,510,516,522,513,466,466
Students at higher education,247,422,1036,1579,1858,1838,1824,1801,1774,1799,1869,1939,2020,1964,1986,1979,1942,2026,2121,2218,2381,2499,2617,2699,2758,2807,2845,2868,2891,2944,2946
   Male,181,292,656,974,1083,1055,1030,1000,970,970,995,1021,1062,1026,1037,1033,1015,1058,1106,1158,1255,1314,1372,1409,1434,1454,1465,1466,1465,1476,1468
   Female,66,130,380,605,775,783,794,801,804,829,873,919,958,937,949,947,927,968,1015,1060,1126,1185,1245,1290,1324,1353,1380,1402,1426,1468,1478
   Foreigners,21,25,58,100,146,152,158,166,175,187,206,227,246,246,248,246,234,239,245,252,265,282,301,322,340,359,375,395,412,416,441
First-year students,53,87,193,278,262,267,267,272,291,315,345,359,378,359,356,345,361,397,424,445,519,495,509,505,507,510,513,512,509,490,472
   Foreign first-year students,5,5,13,24,37,38,40,44,50,55,64,69,71,68,66,63,64,70,74,80,88,95,102,109,115,118,122,126,125,100,117
School graduates/school-leavers from full-time schools 12),469,489,501,254,308,316,322,324,323,321,325,324,330,328,316,313,299,275,250,233,218,205,198,194,187,188,187,187,185,169,170
   With secondary general school certificate,355,349,391,200,232,237,241,241,239,234,236,239,246,246,238,237,229,210,192,180,169,157,151,147,140,139,134,134,132,124,122
   Without secondary general school certificate,114,140,109,54,76,79,80,83,84,87,89,85,84,82,78,76,71,65,58,53,50,48,46,47,47,49,53,54,53,45,47
School graduates with intermediate school certificate 12),117,200,422,284,391,404,420,436,440,441,441,452,456,499,480,482,485,469,453,445,428,431,475,469,460,465,444,425,419,427,417
School graduates with higher education entrance qualification 12),57,92,222,275,308,315,323,330,340,348,343,362,369,387,400,415,434,442,449,457,505,500,476,435,445,454,441,433,419,382,394
Apprentices who passed final examinations,m,m,568,532,503,488,483,487,491,503,514,513,504,493,478,480,m,455,469,479,477,445,430,424,415,400,393,387,383,380,379
Higher education graduates,48,87,124,166,230,237,237,228,222,214,208,209,218,231,252,266,286,309,339,362,392,413,436,461,482,492,502,499,508,477,518
Teachers at all schools,264,389,557,542,778,780,783,786,782,785,789,792,796,793,790,792,789,788,795,798,794,789,787,786,790,799,805,811,818,827,833
"   Of which, teachers at general schools",224,339,478,458,670,672,668,669,669,672,674,675,677,672,668,668,665,664,671,673,670,666,665,664,668,674,679,686,694,702,709
"   Of which, teachers at vocational schools",39,51,79,84,108,109,115,117,113,113,115,117,119,121,122,124,124,123,124,125,124,123,122,122,123,125,126,125,125,125,124
Teachers at higher education 13),m,m,85,109,152,154,154,156,157,157,160,164,166,165,166,169,175,185,199,211,218,225,233,236,239,242,250,256,261,269,276
"   Of which, teachers at universities",m,m,76,98,136,138,137,139,139,139,142,145,146,144,145,149,154,163,174,183,188,194,200,202,204,207,212,216,220,227,232
"   Of which, teachers at universities of applied sciences",m,m,9,11,16,17,17,17,18,18,19,20,20,20,20,21,21,22,25,27,29,31,33,34,35,36,38,40,41,42,44
Other higher education staff 13),m,m,161,205,268,266,266,265,267,265,265,266,265,260,254,251,255,259,268,274,279,283,288,289,295,300,304,311,325,339,347
Structural data,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number,Number
Student-teacher ratio at general schools,30,27,19,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,13,13,13,13,13,12,12,12,12,12,12,12
Student-teacher ratio at vocational schools,45,39,33,26,23,23,22,22,24,24,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,22,22,21,21,21,21,20,20,20,20,19,19,19
Students per teacher at universities,m,m,11,12,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,9,9,8,8,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,8,8,8,8
Students per teacher at universities of applied sciences,m,m,22,34,27,26,26,25,25,25,26,26,28,27,28,28,27,27,27,26,27,27,27,27,27,28,27,26,26,27,26
Structural data,"1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000","1,000"
Full-time staff in the public sector 14),m,m,m,m,4303,4207,4085,3953,3805,3697,3582,3521,3439,3327,3238,3195,3144,3106,3121,3107,3119,3120,3144,3162,3159,3186,3207,3232,3269,3310,3371
   At federal level,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,555,537,524,515,508,496,487,482,469,466,461,458,449,442,437,432,433,437,439,444,451,460
   At Länder level,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,1805,1752,1736,1714,1675,1610,1588,1563,1553,1562,1568,1584,1583,1598,1607,1604,1614,1624,1637,1657,1673,1691
   At local government level,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,1066,1024,996,953,901,872,855,838,827,834,820,828,841,856,871,878,894,906,919,936,955,984
Part-time staff in the public sector 14),m,m,m,m,1068,1069,1079,1116,1164,1212,1238,1288,1340,1343,1362,1381,1397,1399,1427,1479,1484,1498,1492,1490,1487,1504,1533,1571,1616,1658,1724
   At federal level,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,43,46,50,58,61,65,68,69,68,68,69,67,65,62,60,58,57,57,57,58,59,61
   At Länder level,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,586,600,634,659,673,688,699,710,710,722,750,753,764,756,750,743,750,765,783,803,821,851
   At local government level,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,m,506,512,517,527,510,502,503,504,504,516,536,540,545,550,557,561,570,581,599,621,642,673
Structural data,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros,Billions of euros
Total public expenditure 15),33,100,379,585,951,963,922,933,951,961,975,993,1003,993,1002,1005,1018,1056,1113,1142,1167,1182,1204,1237,1273,1326,1368,1429,1497,1679,1762
   Federal Government,16,45,111,159,250,252,246,262,271,266,268,281,281,274,281,283,293,305,317,355,364,356,349,345,341,363,376,386,397,512,561
   Länder governments,13,39,107,153,250,257,243,245,246,251,256,258,260,257,260,260,266,276,287,307,319,325,330,341,355,371,383,399,417,487,507
   Local governments,8,29,74,107,174,171,144,143,144,146,148,150,150,150,153,157,162,168,178,191,195,197,205,215,228,242,248,260,277,293,303
Expenditure on staff,9,31,88,127,200,202,178,178,181,182,183,187,188,187,186,184,191,196,203,224,229,236,243,255,263,271,282,294,308,321,333
   Federal Government,2,7,16,22,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,27,26,26,26,27,28,42,42,43,44,46,48,49,51,52,54,56,58
   Länder governments,5,16,45,64,98,100,91,92,94,95,95,98,98,98,97,95,96,97,100,115,119,122,126,131,135,139,145,151,159,166,171
   Local governments,2,8,22,33,54,54,39,39,39,40,39,40,41,40,41,41,41,42,44,49,51,53,55,58,61,63,66,69,73,76,80
Structural data,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros,Millions of euros
Public expenditure on education 16),5805,14193,33910,41916,75944,77231,77270,77305,78776,79264,81576,84909,85666,85762,86716,89188,92362,93717,99925,106219,109978,112163,116951,121598,125743,132564,134897,141649,150525,163992,169328
   For schools 16),4138,8726,22866,27728,44495,45154,45312,45616,46306,46723,47876,49409,49583,50116,50197,51409,51917,52752,55743,59059,59944,58838,60157,61782,63928,67724,66388,70132,74186,79408,82823
       Länder governments,2596,5840,17268,22055,35379,36315,36687,36978,37565,37888,38476,39965,40149,40543,40476,40954,41228,42175,44305,46270,47418,48310,49468,50566,51677,52385,54229,56284,59786,61979,65150
       Local governments,1616,2872,5578,5668,9115,8839,8624,8638,8740,8834,9309,9402,9391,9267,9078,9581,9750,10005,10408,11124,10542,10525,10687,11196,11090,11822,12136,13101,14376,15677,17078
   For higher education 16)17),1667,3514,7155,10570,16228,16684,16591,16573,16984,17243,17879,18779,18809,18132,18417,19374,19304,20235,21456,22527,23809,24680,26702,27943,28675,29843,30501,30618,32134,33187,33859
       Federal Government,141,504,663,1014,1770,1757,1748,1758,1897,1936,2080,2128,2134,1827,1843,1893,2128,2412,2764,3224,3826,3977,4907,4967,5030,5491,5794,5261,5371,4705,4688
       Länder governments,829,3003,6492,9556,14458,14927,14843,14815,15087,15306,15800,16651,16675,16305,16573,17481,17176,17823,18693,19303,19983,20703,21794,22976,23644,24352,24707,25356,26763,28482,29171
Tax revenue in cash terms,35100,78000,186579,281040,415839,409318,407638,425812,453116,467413,446284,441714,442221,442973,452380,488531,538170,561427,524079,530673,573372,600214,619515,643496,673525,705712,734695,776379,799390,739992,831843
   Federal Government,18711,42742,90776,133873,187170,173024,169228,174599,192447,198790,193766,192050,191943,186950,190177,203893,229713,239579,227996,225811,247984,256303,259866,270746,281608,289018,309361,322359,329052,283115,313667
   Länder governments,10978,25811,64154,97793,159880,167815,167721,175952,184003,189493,178690,178552,177618,179888,180457,195116,213591,221522,207119,210052,224291,236344,244206,254276,267939,288674,298414,314058,324517,316331,355088
   Local governments,4378,9326,26229,38155,48335,48310,49356,53649,56381,57297,54096,52552,51735,56495,60036,67381,72616,77245,68463,70443,76633,81251,84342,87488,93040,98747,105237,111374,114899,107755,124865
Gross domestic product 18),154770,360600,788520,1306680,1894610,1921380,1961150,2014420,2059480,2109090,2172540,2198120,2211570,2262520,2288310,2385080,2499550,2546490,2445730,2564400,2693560,2745310,2811350,2927430,3026180,3134740,3267160,3365450,3473260,3405430,3601750
Structural data,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros,Euros
Total public expenditure per inhabitant 2),590,1646,6150,9184,11618,11737,11234,11369,11578,11680,11832,12027,12157,12038,12158,12209,12376,12877,13607,13974,14523,14682,14910,15230,15488,16070,16521,17207,18005,20187,21173
Public expenditure on education per inhabitant 2),103,233,551,663,930,943,942,942,960,964,991,1029,1038,1040,1052,1083,1123,1141,1220,1299,1369,1393,1448,1498,1530,1606,1629,1706,1810,1972,2034
Tax revenue in cash terms per inhabitant 2),627,1279,3026,4410,5083,4991,4968,5190,5515,5682,5413,5352,5358,5369,5488,5935,6546,6846,6407,6491,7138,7454,7670,7925,8196,8552,8874,9352,9612,8899,9994
Gross domestic product per inhabitant 19),2792,5945,12808,20658,23302,23585,24060,24733,25294,25892,26651,26945,27120,27776,28134,29383,30862,31530,30388,31942,33554,34135,34860,36149,37046,38067,39527,40594,41800,40950,43292
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"Source: Federal Employment Agency (special evaluation, Arbeitslosigkeit im Zeitverlauf, Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte nach Staatsangehörigkeiten und Geschlecht); Federal Statistical Office (Regional Accounts VGRdL - Lange Reihen ab 1925, Statistisches Jahrbuch, Bildungsfinanzbericht, diverse Fachserien, GENESIS-Online Datenbank: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, diverse Statistische Berichte); Institute for Employment Research, Qualifikationsspezifische Arbeitslosenquoten; Working group ""Regional Accounts"", ""Reihe 1, Länderergebnisse Band 1""",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Notes:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1) Until 1990, former West Germany.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"2) Until 2010, population data are based on past censuses. As of 2011, results of the population census (Bevölkerungsfortschreibung) are based on 2011 Census.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"3) From 2013 to 2015, figures on children with foreign nationality are artificially inflated due to methodological reasons.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"4) From 2008 to 2011, data are of limited comparability because of corrections in the register of residents. Due to methodological changes 2016 data are of limited comparability with the previous years; furthermore, over-coverage or under-coverage of the registration data on asylum seekers is possible.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"5) Findings of the Microcensus. As of 2005, annual averages. As of 2011, calculated with data of the population census (Bevölkerungsfortschreibung) that is based on 2011 Census, comparability with the previous years is limited. As of 2017, population in private household without collective living quarters. As of 2020, findings of the 2020 Microcensus, comparability with the previous years is limited.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"6) Results of counts of employed persons registered with the Federaly Employment Office. As of 1980, figures from statistics on employment covered by social security; as of 1999, revised data of the employment statistics; annual averages. As of 1996, survey reference day for each year is 30 June.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"7) As of 2007, revised data due to a revision of the unemployment statistics.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"8) Up to and including 2008, data are from the Institute for Employment Research. As of 2009, data are from the Federal Employment Agency. As of 2009, data are revised due to a revision of the unemployment statistics.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
9) Until 2016: sum of university degree and university of applied sciences degree.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10) Referring to the total civilian labour force (excluding apprentices) of the same qualification.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"11) According to calculations of the Institute for Employment Research. The figures differ from the unemployment statistics of the Federal Employment Agency because different basic values have been used. Referring to the total civilian labour force. As of 2011, revised data for employed persons based on 2011 Census. As of 2020: data not available due to methodical reasons.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"12) General schools and vocational schools. As of 2013, the school part of the entrance qualification for universities of applied sciences is counted to the intermediate school certificate.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
13) Staff in main professions only.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"14) Findings of the statistics on public service personnel. Survey reference day for each year is 30 June. Including social insurance and the Federal Employment Agency; as of 2005, including company health insurance funds.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"15) As of 1997, excluding hospitals and teaching hospitals which keep commercial accounts. Due to the new budgetary system, as of 2002, limited comparability with the previous years only. Until 2009, findings of the financial statistics (Rechnungsstatistik), as of 2010, quarterly cash results with extended group of respondents.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
16) Basic funds excluding expenditure on pensions. From 2012 to 2021: preliminary ACTUAL.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"17) Until 1997, including teaching hospitals which keep commercial accounts. As of 1998, expenditure including teaching hospitals, not including DFG and special research programmes.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"18) Annual findings of the German Regional Accounts. Pursuant to the European System of Accounts (ESA) 2010, 2019 revision (the results were calculated back to 1995). Date of calculations: August 2022.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"19) Inhabitants data in the regional accounts are annual averages. Until 2010, population data are based on past censuses. As of 2011, population data are based on 2011 Census.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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m = data not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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"Last update: January 17, 2023",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,